# Official summary of the Constitution of the Republic of Fluid

Published under Article 315. **This summary has no legal force.** It cannot create, extend, restrict or interpret a right, an obligation or a competence, and no court decides a case upon it. Where it misstates an article, the Office of Constitutional Revision corrects it within ninety days and publishes the correction.

## The Constitution in one paragraph

The Republic of Fluid is a participatory democracy. Its land, water, air, workplaces and knowledge are held in common, and nobody draws an income simply from owning something that produces. The economy is planned in real quantities to meet the needs people register, inside limits set by what nature can renew. Food, water, housing, energy, healthcare, education, care and transport are free and depend on nothing you do. One elected Assembly of two hundred makes the laws and executes them through committees of its own members. Courts drawn by lot, planners answerable to those who elect them, and five independent watchdogs hold that Assembly to the limits written here. Some of those limits can never be removed, by anyone, by any majority.

## Title I: Foundations Of The Republic

Articles 1 to 17.

**1. Nature of the Republic** - The Republic is a participatory democracy, socially owned, and bound to keep the land liveable.

**2. Human dignity** - Human dignity cannot be violated by anyone, for any reason.

**3. Sovereignty of the people** - Power belongs to the people and may be used only through the routes set out here.

**4. Supremacy and direct effect** - This Constitution outranks every other rule, and anything conflicting with it is void.

**5. Ecological foundation** - The Republic must live within what nature can renew, and repair what it damages.

**6. Social ownership** - Workplaces and productive property are owned socially, and owning things earns nobody an income.

**7. Coordination of the economy** - The economy is planned in real quantities to meet registered needs, and money as capital is abolished.

**8. Territory** - The territory is indivisible and cannot be sold, leased, or host a foreign base.

**9. Common heritage** - Land, water, air, minerals and the genetic heritage belong to everyone and cannot be sold.

**10. Knowledge commons** - Knowledge made with public resources is free for all to use, and patents are prohibited.

**11. Secularity** - The state has no religion, and neither funds nor hinders any belief.

**12. Political pluralism** - Parties are free, and only a court may restrict one, only for acts it has proved.

**13. Distribution and accountability of powers** - Law and execution sit together in the Assembly, while courts, planners and watchdogs stay separate.

**14. Legality, publicity and non-retroactivity** - Officials act only under law, secret law has no effect, and decisions must give reasons.

**15. Reception of international law** - Ratified treaties become law here, but can never cut rights or the ecological limits.

**16. Languages, symbols and seat** - You may deal with the state in a language you understand, free of charge.

**17. Organic laws** - Matters reserved to organic law need a reinforced majority and a prior court check.

## Title II: Ecological Order

Articles 18 to 36.

**18. Rights of natural entities** - Nature holds rights to exist, to function and to be restored, whether or not a statute names it.

**19. Standing** - Anyone at all may sue on nature's behalf, with no fee and no need to show personal harm.

**20. Guardianship and remedies** - Whoever harms nature must restore it from their own resources, and can be held personally liable.

**21. Foreign economic entities** - Foreign firms operate only on a revocable licence, under stricter duties, and hold no rights from Title III.

**22. Steady state** - Total energy and material use is capped at a safe level, and efficiency gains buy sufficiency rather than growth.

**23. Content of the budgets** - The budgets set ceilings for energy, materials, emissions, water, land, nutrients, toxins and harvests.

**24. The Ecological Budget Authority** - An independent scientific Authority sets the budgets, publishes everything, and cannot be defunded mid-term.

**25. Procedure** - Budgets are built from workplace reports, assembly objections, local studies and local knowledge.

**26. Binding force** - The budgets bind the plan, anything exceeding them is void, and essentials keep priority.

**27. Judicial enforcement** - A chamber of the Constitutional Court enforces the budgets and can order restoration.

**28. Water** - Water is common, managed by watershed, and a dwelling can never be cut off.

**29. Land, soil and food** - Land is held in trust and allocated for use, and hoarding it or ruining the soil is prohibited.

**30. Forests, wetlands, coasts and sea** - Old forests, peat, wetlands, dunes, reefs and seagrass cannot be converted, and seabed mining is banned.

**31. Biodiversity and animals** - Species and habitats are protected, and animals kept for food live close to natural conditions.

**32. Energy** - The energy system is socially owned, fossil extraction is banned, and nuclear is transitional only.

**33. Materials, durability and circulation** - Goods must last, be repairable by their user, and return their materials to use.

**34. Pollution, toxic substances and remediation** - Pollution needs a permit within the ceilings, and dumping burdens on poor areas is prohibited.

**35. Ecological information** - Ecological data is measured continuously and published, and falsifying it is a crime.

**36. Ecological emergency** - The Authority may declare an ecological emergency, which lapses unless the Assembly confirms it.

## Title III: Fundamental Rights And Duties

Articles 37 to 81.

**37. Holders** - Every right here belongs to every person present, documented or not.

**38. Equality** - Everyone is equal before the law, and discrimination on any comparable ground is prohibited.

**39. Effect** - These rights apply directly without any statute, and bind employers and services too.

**40. Limitation** - A right may be limited only by clear law, for a listed purpose, and no more than necessary.

**41. Minimum core and progression** - Each social right has a minimum core enforceable today, and above it plans must be reasonable.

**42. Derogation** - Rights may be suspended only in a declared emergency, and some of them never at all.

**43. Remedies** - Anyone whose rights are threatened gets a fast, free remedy and reparation.

**44. Prohibition of abuse** - Nothing here may be used to destroy the rights it protects.

**45. Life** - Everyone has a right to life, and the death penalty can never return.

**46. Integrity and autonomy of the person** - You decide about your own body, including reproduction, gender care and refusing treatment.

**47. Prohibition of torture** - Torture is prohibited, as is sending anyone anywhere they risk it.

**48. Servitude and forced labour** - Slavery, trafficking and forced labour are prohibited, including labour demanded in return for provision.

**49. Liberty and security** - Detention needs legal grounds and a judge within forty-eight hours, and the remedy is never suspended.

**50. Private life and the home** - Home, family life and messages are private, and mass surveillance can never be authorised.

**51. Data and automated decision** - Your data is yours, cannot be traded, and no machine may decide anything about you.

**52. Thought, conscience and religion** - Belief is free, including having none, and nobody may be forced to declare one.

**53. Expression and information** - You may say what you think, censorship is prohibited, and no opinion earns a prison term.

**54. Means of communication** - Communication infrastructure is socially owned, transmitted without discrimination, and never concentrated.

**55. Assembly** - Peaceful assembly needs no permission, and strikes and occupations are protected.

**56. Association and self-organisation** - You may form, join and leave any association, and unions are protected inside cooperatives.

**57. Residence and movement** - You may move and settle freely, and collective expulsion is prohibited.

**58. Citizenship** - Citizenship comes automatically after five years and adds no right a resident lacks.

**59. Asylum** - Asylum is a right, and irregular entry is never punished.

**60. Political rights** - Every resident aged sixteen votes and may stand, including people held in detention.

**61. Petition, information and protection of disclosure** - You may petition any body, information is public, and whistleblowers are protected.

**62. Guarantee of essential provision** - Food, water, housing, energy, healthcare, education, care and transport are free and unconditional.

**63. Registration of needs** - You register what you need, and the planners are bound by what you register.

**64. Food and water** - Enough safe food and water is guaranteed, and hunger is a breach of the minimum core.

**65. Housing** - Housing is adequate and secure, eviction into homelessness is prohibited, and letting for gain is banned.

**66. Health** - Healthcare is available to everyone, and emergency and essential care is never refused.

**67. Education** - Education is free at every level, and institutions govern their own teaching and research.

**68. Care** - Care is a public responsibility, and unpaid care at home counts as work.

**69. Energy, mobility and communication** - Energy, transport and network access sufficient for public life are guaranteed.

**70. Contribution** - Everyone contributes according to capacity, everyone is presumed to, and no service depends on proving it.

**71. Conditions of labour** - Work must be safe, workers govern their enterprise, and dismissal never touches provision.

**72. Working time and rest** - The working week is at most twenty-four hours over four days, with rest and leave guaranteed.

**73. Culture, science and the arts** - Culture, science and the arts are free, and creators keep credit but no exclusive economic right.

**74. Personal property and inheritance** - Personal things are yours and protected, but cannot become a means of employing others.

**75. Healthy environment** - A healthy environment is part of the minimum core and enforceable in court.

**76. Ecological participation** - You have a right to ecological information and to be heard before decisions are taken.

**77. Access to justice** - Courts are independent, hearings are public, and legal help is free where you need it.

**78. Legality** - Only a law in force at the time creates an offence, and heavier penalties never apply backwards.

**79. Criminal process** - You are innocent until proved guilty, with counsel, silence and appeal guaranteed.

**80. Penalty and restoration** - Punishment aims at repair and return, and life without release or indefinite detention is prohibited.

**81. Duties of the person** - Everyone owes respect for others' rights, honest need registration, and defence of this text.

## Title IV: Social Ownership And Economic Coordination

Articles 82 to 118.

**82. The forms and their relation** - Productive property takes four social forms, and no fifth may be invented.

**83. The commons** - The commons cannot be sold or pledged, and the people who use them help govern them.

**84. Cooperative usufruct** - A cooperative holds its assets for as long as it works them, never as owner.

**85. Internal constitution of the cooperative** - Every worker is a member with one vote, and officers are elected and recallable at any time.

**86. Communal and regional enterprise** - Communes and regions may run enterprises, governed together with workers and users.

**87. Public establishments** - Health, education, care, research and the commons run as public establishments, never for gain.

**88. Personal craft and prohibited forms** - You may work alone or with your household, and employing anyone outside it is prohibited.

**89. Federations** - Enterprises in a branch federate, sharing knowledge, reserves and representation.

**90. Principles of the plan** - The plan meets registered needs in physical units, decided by people and never by computation.

**91. Priority within the plan** - Essentials come first, then restoration, then upkeep, then everything else.

**92. Workplace assemblies** - Each workplace states publicly what it needs and what it can make.

**93. User and neighbourhood assemblies** - Neighbourhoods and users hold assemblies whose statements count equally with the workplaces'.

**94. Communal economic councils** - Each commune has an economic council answering to its elected council.

**95. Regional economic councils** - Each region has an economic council reconciling what its sub-regions could not.

**96. The National Planning Congress and the Planning Secretariat** - A National Planning Congress adopts the plan, and its Secretariat computes but decides nothing.

**97. The planning cycle** - Planning runs a five-year cycle of statements, computation, at least three rounds of negotiation, and public accounts.

**98. Reconciliation and deadlock** - Disagreements rise one level at a time, and delay never interrupts essential provision.

**99. Adjustment during the period** - The plan is adjusted in-year for disaster, shortfall or changed need, with reasons published.

**100. Resource ceilings and accounts** - Every enterprise holds a binding resource ceiling and keeps public accounts in physical units.

**101. Review of performance** - Federations review each enterprise yearly in public, against needs met and ceilings kept.

**102. Support** - A failing enterprise may be supported for at most three years, publicly, and is then reorganised.

**103. Cause of difficulty** - Before support, the federation must say whether the fault lay with the plan or with the management.

**104. Reorganisation and dissolution** - Reorganisation moves assets and people, and nobody loses provision, training or a place.

**105. Reserve, formation and experiment** - The plan holds a reserve for disaster, for founding new cooperatives, and for experiment.

**106. Categories of provision** - Provision comes in four grades: essential, general, minor discretionary, and shared heavy goods.

**107. General provision** - General provision covers clothing, furniture, tools, bicycles, books, devices, transport and much more, free.

**108. Personal computing and communication devices** - Everyone who needs one gets a repairable phone and computer, with free parts for ten years.

**109. Freedom of software** - Device software is free and open, the user holds full control, and locked devices are prohibited.

**110. Durability and the standard of design** - Goods must meet minimum service lives, guaranteed parts, and a route back into use.

**111. The residual unit of account** - A personal, equal, expiring token allocates small luxuries, and it cannot be saved, lent or traded.

**112. Resource-intensive goods and common use** - Resource-heavy goods are held in common and booked, never allocated to one person.

**113. Fair allocation and waiting** - When supply falls short, allocation follows urgency, waiting time and lot, never favour.

**114. Prohibition of parallel markets** - Reselling what you were given, hoarding for exchange, or trading queue places is prohibited.

**115. Allocation of labour** - Labour reaches tasks by choice, and unpopular work gets shorter hours rather than compulsion.

**116. Arduous tasks, rotation and training** - Dangerous and degrading tasks are registered publicly, rotated, and engineered away.

**117. Planned external exchange** - Foreign trade runs through one account, counts against the budgets, and creates no debt.

**118. Solidarity transfers** - Solidarity is sent in goods and knowledge, never as a loan and never with conditions.

## Title V: The Assembly And Popular Decision

Articles 119 to 144.

**119. The Assembly of the Republic** - A single Assembly of two hundred members makes the laws and executes them.

**120. The electoral system** - Members are elected by open list in the sub-regions, with seats shared out nationally in proportion.

**121. Districts and apportionment** - Sub-regions are the districts, each returning at least five members, drawn by an independent commission.

**122. Candidacy** - Any resident of sixteen may stand, campaigns are publicly resourced, and donations are prohibited.

**123. Term and date of election** - The Assembly serves five years, and can never extend its own term.

**124. The mandate** - Members vote by their own judgement, and keep their seat if they leave their list.

**125. Incompatibilities** - A seat cannot be held together with judicial, planning, oversight or enterprise office.

**126. Provision and conditions of members** - Members get the same provision as anyone else, plus what the job actually requires.

**127. Immunity and responsibility** - Members can never be prosecuted for a vote cast or an opinion expressed in office.

**128. Recall of a member** - Voters in a district may recall the member they elected.

**129. Vacancy and dissolution** - The Assembly may dissolve itself, but never during an emergency or an attack.

**130. Sittings, publicity and record** - Sittings are public, and the record with every named vote is published within a day.

**131. Quorum and majorities** - Ordinary laws pass by a majority of votes cast, and organic laws need three fifths.

**132. Committees and inquiry** - Committees may summon anyone, and a quarter of the members may open an inquiry.

**133. Initiative** - Bills may come from members, committees, regions, communes, planners, producers or residents.

**134. Assessment and consultation** - Every bill has a published assessment of its effect on rights, ecology and resources.

**135. Procedure** - Bills get three readings, with amendments and the final text published in advance.

**136. Organic laws and reserved matters** - Organic laws are always checked by the Constitutional Chamber before they take effect.

**137. Preventive constitutional review** - Texts can be reviewed for constitutionality before promulgation, which suspends them meanwhile.

**138. Promulgation, publication and entry into force** - Adopted texts are promulgated within fifteen days and published free in open formats.

**139. Popular initiative** - Fifty thousand residents can introduce a bill, and force a referendum if it is rejected.

**140. Referendum** - Referendums decide bindingly by a majority of votes cast, with no turnout threshold.

**141. Local decision** - Localities decide in person where they can, and by elected council where they cannot.

**142. Deliberative bodies drawn by lot** - Bodies drawn by lot may be convened to examine questions, and must be answered in writing.

**143. Accountability of the planning organs** - The Planning Congress answers to those who elect it and to the Assembly, and it can be sued.

**144. Control of execution** - The Assembly questions and controls the executive committees.

## Title VI: Execution And The Administration

Articles 145 to 165.

**145. Absence of a head of state** - The Republic has no head of state, and nobody personifies it.

**146. The Presiding Officer of the Assembly** - The Assembly's Presiding Officer chairs it, signs texts and performs protocol, deciding nothing.

**147. Nature** - Execution belongs to committees of the Assembly, and there are no ministers and no cabinets.

**148. Constitution and composition of the committees** - Committees are composed in the Assembly's own proportions, so every list is represented.

**149. Chairs and the Coordinating Bureau** - Each committee elects a chair, and the chairs form a Bureau that coordinates without commanding.

**150. Recall, vacancy and continuity** - The Assembly may recall a member from a committee, or reconstitute a committee entirely.

**151. Responsibility** - Committees publish their acts, minutes and named votes, and answer to the Assembly.

**152. Conditions and incompatibilities** - Committee members keep their seat, hold the same provision as anyone, and declare their interests.

**153. Functions of the Executive Council** - Committees execute the laws and the plan, and run the administration in their field.

**154. Limits of execution** - Committees cannot plan, allocate resources, legislate, or restrict a right by regulation.

**155. Right of economic initiative** - Federations, unions, user assemblies and communal councils can introduce bills and demand answers.

**156. Duty of consultation** - Measures affecting production, work, provision or ecology are void without prior consultation.

**157. Subsidiarity in execution** - Execution belongs to the closest level, and local knowledge prevails on local matters.

**158. Principles** - The administration must give reasons and decide on time, or the applicant wins by default.

**159. The career service** - Officials are recruited by open competition, hold tenure, and must refuse unlawful orders.

**160. (Vacant. Political cabinets are abolished by Article 147(3). The number is reserved for renumbering at the drafting stage.)** - Vacant. Political cabinets are abolished by Article 147.

**161. Administrative procedure** - You are heard before an adverse decision, and can appeal to an independent body and then a court.

**162. Liability** - The Republic pays for unlawful administration, and officials answer personally for serious fault.

**163. Public functions inalienable** - Custody, inspection, registers, planning systems and essential provision can never be contracted out.

**164. Public information systems** - Public systems run on free and open software, with open formats and no single supplier.

**165. Account and audit** - The Bureau publishes an annual account of the administration in physical units.

## Title VII: Communes, Sub-Regions And Regions

Articles 166 to 191.

**166. The tiers** - The Republic governs at four levels: commune, sub-region, region and centre.

**167. General competence and subsidiarity** - Communes may act on anything not expressly given to a higher level, and doubt favours the commune.

**168. Equality between territories** - Every resident gets the same standard of provision wherever they live.

**169. Government of the commune** - Communes are run by an assembly of residents, or by an elected council where that is impractical.

**170. The communal council** - Communal councils are elected proportionally for four years, and are recallable.

**171. Competences of the commune** - Communes run housing, water, waste, local roads, schools, clinics, libraries and local ecology.

**172. Neighbourhoods** - Neighbourhoods hold assemblies which can put anything on the council's agenda.

**173. The sub-region and its council** - Sub-regional councils are made of delegates from the communes, mandated and recallable.

**174. Competences of the sub-region** - Sub-regions run watersheds, school and clinic networks, local transport, water works and rescue.

**175. The region and its council** - Regional councils are made of delegates from the sub-regions.

**176. Competences of the region** - Regions run cross-boundary infrastructure, hospitals, universities, protected areas and regional balance.

**177. Competences of the Republic** - The centre keeps the Constitution, rights, ecology, criminal law, courts, treaties and national systems.

**178. Standards of general application** - The centre sets the standards that must be identical everywhere, including vehicle dimensions and loads.

**179. Principle of direct allocation** - There is no tax, and territories receive resources straight from the plan.

**180. The formula** - The formula is public and computed openly, and named people must justify any departure from it.

**181. Equalisation** - Poorer or harder territories get extra as of right, without asking anyone's permission.

**182. Local surplus and local initiative** - A territory that saves resources keeps them, and can never be penalised for saving.

**183. Relation of the economic councils to the elected councils** - Economic councils answer to the elected council of their own level.

**184. Spatial planning** - Communes adopt spatial plans after public inquiry, and habitat connectivity is a condition of validity.

**185. Allocation and reallocation of housing** - If a household shrinks, exchange is offered for three years before reallocation, with protections.

**186. Cooperation and joint bodies** - Territories may contract and form joint bodies, but never transfer a competence permanently.

**187. Boundaries, merger and division** - Boundaries change only with the agreement of the residents affected, by referendum.

**188. Communities, languages and heritage** - Communities may use their language with any authority, and govern their own heritage.

**189. Conflicts of competence** - The Constitutional Court settles disputes over which level is competent.

**190. Default and the commissioner** - A defaulting territory keeps its council, and a court appoints a commissioner for named tasks only.

**191. Protection of self-government** - No territory may be abolished, suspended, or stripped of its elected bodies.

## Title VIII: Justice

Articles 192 to 232.

**192. The judicial function** - Only the courts established here administer justice, and special tribunals are prohibited.

**193. Independence** - Judges answer to the Constitution and the law alone, and nobody may instruct them.

**194. Application and interpretation** - Judges apply the law, read it in favour of rights, and never legislate.

**195. Reference to the Constitutional Chamber** - A judge who cannot resolve a constitutional question refers it, and gets a binding answer.

**196. Publicity of justice** - Hearings and judgments are public, and journalists attend by right without accreditation.

**197. Structure** - There are communal, sub-regional, regional, National and Constitutional courts.

**198. First instance and appeal** - Every judgment can be appealed on the facts and on the law.

**199. Specialised divisions** - Specialised divisions may sit with technical assessors, who advise but never vote.

**200. The National Court** - The National Court keeps the law uniform throughout the territory.

**201. Assignment of cases** - Cases are assigned by lot, and nobody may pick the judge or move a case afterwards.

**202. Recruitment** - Judges are recruited by open, anonymous competition, open to every qualified resident.

**203. Term and security** - Judges serve one twelve-year term, never renewed, with staggered replacement.

**204. Duties and incompatibilities** - Judges must be impartial and declare their interests, and may still teach and write.

**205. Leadership posts** - Court presidents are elected by their colleagues for one three-year term, with no power over decisions.

**206. Discipline** - Discipline is for conduct, never for the content of a ruling, and is heard in public.

**207. Nature** - The Judicial Council runs the judiciary, and can never touch a case.

**208. Functions** - The Council appoints judges, confirms justices, runs case assignment, and proposes the judiciary's resources.

**209. Composition** - The Council has twenty-one members: thirteen residents drawn by lot and eight judges elected by judges.

**210. Members drawn by lot** - Resident members serve three years, are trained beforehand, and answer to nobody.

**211. Judicial members** - Judicial members are elected by all judges by secret ballot, with court presidents excluded.

**212. Chair and rotation** - The chair is drawn from the lay members each year, and every panel is composed by lot.

**213. Publicity** - The Council meets in public, publishes its records and named votes, and never deliberates in secret.

**214. The Judicial Inspectorate** - A Judicial Inspectorate independent of the Council examines conduct and opens discipline.

**215. External audit** - The Audit Office checks the judiciary's resources, its competitions and its assignment system.

**216. Constitution and jurisdiction** - The Constitutional Court has fifteen justices and rules on constitutionality, planning and competence.

**217. Appointment by lot** - Justices are drawn by lot from a public pool, and the Council may refuse only twice per vacancy.

**218. The pool** - Anyone qualified with fifteen years of legal experience may enter the pool.

**219. Term and status** - Justices serve one twelve-year term, with five replaced every four years.

**220. The Constitutional Chamber** - The Constitutional Chamber reviews texts before promulgation, in panels of seven composed by lot.

**221. The Ecological Chamber** - The Ecological Chamber hears nature's cases in panels of five, with scientific assessors.

**222. Declaration of incompatibility and cure** - An unconstitutional law is declared incompatible, and lapses if the Assembly fails to fix it in time.

**223. Entrenchment** - The Court's size, terms, jurisdiction and appointment cannot be changed to affect anyone in office.

**224. The prosecution service** - The prosecution service is headed by one seven-year appointment of the Judicial Council.

**225. Independence and instruction** - Nobody may instruct a prosecutor in an individual case, and every instruction goes on the file.

**226. Decisions to prosecute** - A decision not to prosecute must give reasons, and can be reviewed by a court.

**227. Restorative panels** - Restorative panels of residents drawn by lot may agree repair, but never impose punishment.

**228. Execution of penalties** - A judge supervises every sentence, and prisons can never be run by anyone else.

**229. Offences against the constitutional order** - Usurpation, ecocide, falsifying data and taking public resources are tried in the ordinary courts.

**230. Guardianship** - The Constitutional Court guards the boundaries between all the powers, including its own.

**231. Standing** - Any resident may sue over powers, ecology, rights or participation, without cost.

**232. Protection of the judiciary** - No organ may refuse to obey a judgment, and judges are protected from reprisal.

## Title IX: Oversight Offices And The Limits Of Power

Articles 233 to 267.

**233. The offices** - There are five oversight offices, and no organ may invent powers for them.

**234. Independence** - The offices are independent, and nobody may instruct them or edit a report.

**235. Appointment by lot** - Each office is led by a college of five drawn by lot in public session.

**236. Pools** - Pools are public registers open to anyone qualified, excluding politicians and enterprise managers.

**237. Confirmation** - The Judicial Council confirms those drawn, and may refuse only twice per vacancy.

**238. Term, incompatibilities and status** - Office holders serve one seven-year term, with the same provision as anyone else.

**239. Removal** - Only the Constitutional Court may remove them, and never for what they found.

**240. Resources** - Office resources cannot be cut during a term, or tied to their findings.

**241. Powers of information** - Offices may demand documents, data and testimony from anyone, and confidentiality is no excuse.

**242. Publicity and reporting** - Reports are published in full, and nobody sees them beforehand.

**243. Protection of persons who assist** - People who help an office are protected from any reprisal.

**244. Function** - The Electoral Commission runs every election, referendum and recall, and every draw by lot.

**245. Conduct of the ballot** - National votes are on paper counted by hand, and local votes may use audited free software.

**246. Registration and refusal** - The Commission may never judge a list's ideology or its programme.

**247. The Boundary Division** - An independent division draws electoral boundaries in public, on published criteria.

**248. Electoral disputes** - Election disputes go to the Commission and then the Constitutional Court, free of charge.

**249. Function** - The Audit Office checks how everyone used real resources, in physical and ecological units.

**250. Powers** - It may audit on its own initiative, or at the request of ten thousand residents.

**251. Reports and consequences** - Audit reports are public, and go to prosecutors when they disclose an offence.

**252. Function** - The Defender of Rights takes complaints against anyone about any right in Title III.

**253. Complaints and remedies** - Complaints are free, in any language, and the Defender can go to court for you.

**254. Division for data and automated systems** - A division of the Defender polices data, and bans prohibited automated systems.

**255. Inspection of places of detention** - Another division inspects places of detention unannounced, and publishes what it finds.

**256. Function** - The Commissioner for Future Generations represents people not yet born.

**257. Powers** - The Commissioner is heard in the Assembly and in the plan, and can sue.

**258. Long-term impact statements** - Bills, plans and long-lived projects have a published long-term impact statement.

**259. Function** - The Office of Democratic Integrity monitors, verifies and refers, and holds no other power.

**260. Declarations and integrity** - It publishes officials' declarations, and investigates misuse of public resources.

**261. Monitoring** - It reports yearly on media concentration, participation, equality between territories and prohibited acts.

**262. Referral** - Its findings go to the Constitutional Court or to prosecutors, never to a sanction of its own.

**263. Limits of the Office** - It may never classify anyone by ideology, ban anything, or touch a candidacy.

**264. Purpose** - The limits that follow bind every organ and every majority.

**265. Acts void in every case** - Seventeen acts are void whoever adopts them, including privatising the commons and mass surveillance.

**266. Attainment by indirection** - Reaching a prohibited result indirectly, or by a series of steps, is equally void.

**267. Direction of development** - The Republic must move toward wider participation and more free provision, never backwards.

## Title X: Defence, Public Order And Emergency

Articles 268 to 285.

**268. Renunciation and purpose** - War as policy is renounced, and force may only repel an attack on the territory.

**269. Civilian direction** - Armed bodies are under civilian direction, and may never be used against assemblies or strikes.

**270. Weapons** - Weapons of mass effect and autonomous killing systems are prohibited, as is arms export.

**271. The Territorial Defence** - Defence is a voluntary territorial militia, with no standing army and no conscription.

**272. Membership and conditions** - Anyone over eighteen may join or leave, and objectors lose nothing by refusing.

**273. Direction and control** - The Assembly authorises the militia's strength, and examines it publicly every year.

**274. Communal police** - Policing belongs to communes, officers are unarmed, and firearms need judicial authorisation.

**275. Use of force and accountability** - Force is a last resort, every use is reported publicly, and complaints go to the Defender.

**276. Defence of the territory** - On attack the militia acts at once, but never crosses a frontier.

**277. Action beyond the territory** - Anything beyond the frontier needs two thirds of the Assembly and a referendum.

**278. Missions of international peace** - Peace missions are limited to protection and support, with no immunity from local courts.

**279. Declaration** - The Bureau may declare an emergency, which lapses in seven days without a two-thirds vote and a court finding.

**280. Renewal and outer limit** - Emergencies run thirty days at a time, and six months at most in any two years.

**281. Powers** - Emergencies allow only listed measures, and never touch elections, courts, provision or oversight.

**282. Review** - Every emergency measure can be challenged in court within seven days, free of charge.

**283. Relation to ecological emergency** - Ecological emergencies are separate, and this Title can never override them.

**284. Civil protection** - Civil protection runs from the communes, without any emergency being declared.

**285. Limits** - There is no domestic intelligence service, and mass collection is prohibited in every circumstance.

## Title XI: External Relations And Solidarity

Articles 286 to 305.

**286. Conduct of external relations** - Foreign relations rest on the equality of peoples, non-intervention, and public conduct.

**287. Competence and conduct** - The competent committee conducts them, with mandates and negotiating texts published.

**288. Life-limiting regimes** - A state is life-limiting because of what it does, never because of what it calls itself.

**289. Defectors and persons in flight** - Anyone fleeing such a state becomes a citizen on recognition, without the five-year wait.

**290. Negotiation, signature and ratification** - Treaties need two thirds of the Assembly and a court check, and unions and borders need a referendum.

**291. Prohibited commitments** - Treaties may never accept arbitration, privatisation, patents, debt or foreign bases.

**292. Withdrawal** - Withdrawal follows the same route, and is immediate if a treaty would require a void act.

**293. Membership** - The Republic belongs to the Democratic Socialist Bloc, and joins no union requiring a free market.

**294. Effect of union acts** - Union standards take effect only when the Assembly enacts them, and nothing applies of its own force.

**295. Union settlement and currency** - Exchange is settled in kind, and a common currency can never be accepted.

**296. Open frontiers** - Open frontiers are the goal, and no agreement may make the Republic police anyone's departure.

**297. Rescue and assistance** - Rescue is owed to anyone in distress, and rescuers are never prosecuted.

**298. Order of supply** - Needs are met at home first, and unused domestic capacity is developed before importing.

**299. Costly imports and project licences** - Costly imports need a public licence, and the Ecological Authority can refuse it outright.

**300. Exchange with life-limiting regimes** - Trade with a life-limiting state is banned, except for materials available nowhere else.

**301. Technological sovereignty** - Public systems must run without any foreign supplier's consent, licence or continued existence.

**302. Obligation of solidarity** - Solidarity is owed to peoples in want, without conditions and without debt.

**303. The floor** - At least one hundredth of all allocated resources goes to solidarity, and can never be cut.

**304. Direction and refusal** - Solidarity reaches peoples through their own organisations, never through an apparatus of coercion.

**305. Ecological and colonial reparation** - The Republic accounts its ecological debt, and returns what was taken from other peoples.

## Title XII: Constitutional Change, Accessibility And Revision

Articles 306 to 319.

**306. Nature of the amending power** - The Constitution changes only by the routes in this Title, and never during an emergency.

**307. Initiative** - Amendments may be proposed by members, residents, communes, or both regional councils.

**308. Procedure** - Proposals are checked against the core, published for six months, examined by a lot-drawn body, then voted.

**309. Referendum and entry into force** - Every amendment needs a referendum, with no turnout threshold.

**310. Beyond the amending power** - Eleven things can never be amended, including dignity, ecology, social ownership and equal rights.

**311. Guardianship of the core** - The Constitutional Court guards the core, and can void an amendment that breached it.

**312. The Constitutional Convention** - The whole Constitution may be replaced only by an elected Convention and a referendum.

**313. Limits and continuity** - The core survives replacement, and nothing is suspended while a Convention sits.

**314. Consolidation and publication** - The consolidated text is published free, in open formats, with a full cross-reference table.

**315. The official summary** - An official plain-language summary exists, has no legal force, and must be corrected if it diverges.

**316. Distribution** - A free printed copy goes to every dwelling, in every language and accessible format.

**317. The Office of Constitutional Revision** - An Office of Constitutional Revision reports contradictions and proposes simplifications.

**318. Periodic review** - Every ten years a body drawn by lot asks whether this text still serves the people bound by it.

**319. Duty of intelligibility** - Complexity is never a reason to deny anyone a right or a remedy.

## Title XIII: Transitional And Final Provisions

Articles 320 to 340.

**320. Adoption** - This Constitution takes its authority from a referendum of the residents.

**321. Entry into force** - It comes into force thirty days after the result, with some parts phased in.

**322. Repeal** - The constitutions of 2024 and 1890 are repealed, and preserved as history only.

**323. Continuity of laws** - Existing laws continue, conflicts are void at once, and the rest must conform within three years.

**324. Continuity of acts, rights and proceedings** - Past acts stay valid, pending cases continue, and provision is never interrupted.

**325. The Judicial Council** - The Judicial Council is constituted first, drawn by lot and elected by sitting judges.

**326. The Constitutional Court** - The Constitutional Court follows within eight months, its first terms staggered by lot.

**327. Judges and prosecution** - Sitting judges continue, with up to six years of past service counting toward their term.

**328. The oversight offices** - The oversight offices are constituted within a year, with staggered first terms.

**329. The Ecological Budget Authority and the first budgets** - The Ecological Budget Authority is set up in six months, and publishes the first budgets in two years.

**330. The Assembly and the executive committees** - The National Council continues until the first Assembly of two hundred is elected within a year.

**331. The planning bodies and the first plan** - The planning bodies are built over two years, running the inherited plan meanwhile.

**332. Territories** - Existing communes continue while the sub-regions and regions are established.

**333. Provision, housing and devices** - Existing provision levels count as the minimum core until organic law specifies it.

**334. Working time and contribution** - The twenty-four hour week applies at once, with two years to reorganise stubborn tasks.

**335. Electronic voting** - Electronic voting waits at least two years, and until the Commission certifies the conditions.

**336. Union and external relations** - Bloc membership continues while its founding instrument is brought into conformity.

**337. First distribution and summary** - The summary is published within a year, and the booklet distributed within eighteen months.

**338. Reservation of the amending power** - Transitional provisions expire when their transitions are done, and can never be extended.

**339. Authorship and method** - The text was drafted by the people with machine assistance, under human decision throughout.

**340. Text and languages** - All language versions are equally authentic, and headings and the summary are not operative text.