Portal › Summary

• 1The RepublicA federal, democratic socialist republic of five states, with two official names of equal force.
• 2SovereigntyPower belongs to the people, and seizing it outside these procedures is a crime with no time limit.
• 3Supremacy of the ConstitutionThe Constitution outranks every other rule, and only the conflicting part of an act fails.
• 4Legality and publicity of the lawPublic power needs a legal basis, and an act that has not been published imposes no obligation.
• 5Political pluralismParties are free, and no party may hold a leading role in the State or in the economy.
• 6Social ownershipLand, water, forests, energy and the principal means of production are held in social ownership.
• 7TerritoryThe territory cannot be ceded or leased, the capital is Talmeru, and the Valmeza crossing stays open.
• 8The statesFive states, each with an assembly, a government and courts, and boundaries changed only by referendum.
• 9Competences of the RepublicThe competences the Republic holds, and the rule that unassigned competences belong to it.
• 10Competences of the statesWhat the states decide for themselves, and the rule that a state borrows only from the Republic.
• 11Federal supervisionHow the Republic acts when a state fails to apply federal law, and the limits on that action.
• 12Equality of the statesThe states are equal, and federal spending is distributed to equalise provision between them.
• 13LanguageIosmen is official throughout, and a state language is official beside it within that state.
• 14CitizenshipOne citizenship, no deprivation of it, and Bloc residents treated on the footing of residents.
• 15BeliefNo established religion, freedom of belief, and public money for a religious building only as heritage.
• 16Public integrityPublic office is exercised for its purpose alone, declarations are published, and corruption carries no time limit.
• 17PublicitySittings, contracts and accounts are published, and an unpublished contract binds no public body.
• 18The Democratic Socialist BlocFounding member of the Bloc, on conditions, with Bloc acts taking effect only on enactment here.
• 19Foreign relationsNo military alliance, no unpublished treaty annex, and no submission to arbitration against a company.
• 20External borrowingBorrowing outside the Bloc needs a two-thirds law and a referendum, and a breach creates no debt.
• 21Ecological limitsResource use is capped in physical units, and exhausting a resource beyond recovery is prohibited.
• 22SymbolsThe flag, the arms, the seal and the anthem are described by an organic law.

• 23Persons protectedWho holds these rights, whom they bind, and what a person keeps while deprived of liberty.
• 24EqualityEquality before the law, a list of prohibited grounds, and the conditions for advancement measures.
• 25Enforcement of the rightsCivil rights work in court on their own, and social rights work to the extent of resources available.
• 26Limitation of rightsA right is limited only by law, only so far as the purpose requires, and its essential content stays intact.
• 27RemedyEvery infringed right has a remedy, free where means are short, and delay is itself compensable.
• 28Liability of public bodiesPublic bodies answer for damage, recover from officers who acted with intent, and compensate wrongful conviction.
• 29Other instrumentsThese rights are read with the ratified instruments, and the wider protection prevails.
• 30LifeThe right to life, the death penalty abolished, and no removal to a state that would impose it.
• 31Integrity of the personPhysical and mental integrity, an absolute bar on torture, consent to treatment, and no forced labour.
• 32Liberty and securityDeprivation of liberty only by law, reasons given at once, a judge within forty-eight hours.
• 33Review of detentionA detained person, or another acting for them, may seek review within seventy-two hours, without a fee.
• 34Fair hearingA public hearing before an independent court, equal access to the file, and reasons in the judgment.
• 35Limits of the criminal lawNo offence without a prior law, no double punishment, and evidence from a breach of rights is inadmissible.
• 36Rights of the defenceNotice of the accusation, a lawyer, confidential communication, and equal treatment of witnesses.
• 37Private and family lifePrivate and family life, equal partners, equal children, and separation only by a court.
• 38The homeThe home is inviolable, entry needs a warrant, and entry without one is reviewed within a day.
• 39Correspondence and communicationsCommunications are secret, interception needs a judge, and blanket collection is prohibited.
• 40Personal dataData are collected for a stated purpose, seen and corrected on request, and decisions are taken by a person.
• 41Prohibition of political policingNo file on a person for their opinions, the Directorate abolished, and its archives opened.
• 42Movement and residenceFree movement and residence in any state, free exit and return, and no expulsion of a citizen.
• 43Conscience and beliefBelief is held, changed and practised freely, is recorded by no organ, and its sincerity is not examined.
• 44ExpressionExpression is free, censorship is prohibited, and insulting an office is an offence in no law.
• 45Information and the mediaThe media are free, ownership is public, and a journalist protects a source unless a court orders otherwise.
• 46Research, teaching and creationResearch, teaching and creation are free, and publicly funded results enter the knowledge commons.
• 47Assembly and demonstrationPeaceful assembly without authorisation, dispersal only for violence, and identifiable officers.
• 48AssociationAssociations form freely, gain personality by registration, and are dissolved only by a court.
• 49The voteUniversal, equal, direct and secret voting from eighteen, with local voting for settled residents.
• 50Eligibility and public officeEvery citizen may stand, offices are filled by competition, and conviction for corruption bars a person.
• 51Referendum and popular initiativeReferendums on demand, initiatives debated within ninety days, and no vote to reduce these rights.
• 52Petition and complaintPetitions answered within thirty days, complaints kept confidential, and reprisal made an offence.
• 53AsylumAsylum for the persecuted, no return to danger, and no funding of foreign bodies to stop movement.
• 54Citizens abroadConsular protection abroad, the vote retained, and extradition of a citizen tightly conditioned.
• 55Residents who are not citizensResidents who are not citizens hold these rights, and collective expulsion is prohibited.
• 56WorkThe right to work, full employment pursued through the plan, and dismissal reviewable by a court.
• 57Conditions of workSafe conditions, limited hours, paid leave, refusal of dangerous work, and unannounced inspection.
• 58RemunerationPay according to the work done, equal pay for equal work, and a published ratio inside each enterprise.
• 59Trade unions and the strikeUnions form freely, an agreement covers every worker in its scope, the strike is guaranteed, the lock-out is not.
• 60Participation in the enterpriseThe workers elect a council that takes part in managing the enterprise and is heard before closure.
• 61Work on one's own accountWork on one's own account is a right, registered on declaration, and past activity is regularised without penalty.
• 62Social securityOne public social security system, its funds held apart, and benefits withdrawn only on appealable reasons.
• 63HealthHealth care free at the point of use, equal between the states, and payment to staff made an offence.
• 64HousingA dwelling of adequate standard, allocated from a public list, and eviction only where another is available.
• 65EducationEducation free at every level, in the languages of Article 13, with maintenance grants for higher study.
• 66Children and young personsThe interest of the child prevails, the child is heard, and violence against children is prohibited.
• 67The family and maternityThe family is protected in whatever form, parental leave is paid, and dismissal during it is prohibited.
• 68Older persons and persons with disabilityPensions, care and participation for older persons, and independence, equipment and access for disabled persons.
• 69Culture and knowledgeCultural life is open to all, public knowledge is held in common, and state languages are supported.
• 70The environmentAn environment that does not damage health, standing to sue without a personal interest, and the polluter pays.
• 71Guaranteed provisionThe listed goods and services are free at the point of use, and the list may be cut only on published evidence.
• 72Duties of the personObserve the Constitution, contribute according to means, and protect what is held in common.
• 73Defence and civic serviceParticipation in defence, with civic service for those whose belief prevents bearing arms.
• 74Public fundsWhoever administers public funds accounts for them and files the declaration, office or not.

• 75ObjectivesThe economy serves provision, employment, equal development between the states and the environment.
• 76Forms of ownershipFour forms of property, no fifth created by law, and cooperative property kept undivided.
• 77Administration of social ownershipSocial property is held in usufruct for a stated purpose, and cannot be sold or mortgaged.
• 78LandLand is granted for use on long terms, and the sale, lease for gain or mortgage of a grant is void.
• 79Natural resourcesThe subsoil, waters, forests and energy sources are worked by public enterprises, with no concessions.
• 80CooperativesCooperatives govern themselves, one vote to each member, and their assets pass on to another cooperative.
• 81Own-account activityOwn-account work is open outside the reserved sectors, with a uniform ceiling on employees.
• 82Excluded marketsNo market in the means of production, land, dwellings, health care, schooling or public knowledge.
• 83Guaranteed provisionThe law lists what is guaranteed free, and the plan allocates for that list before anything else.
• 84The planA four-year plan, revised yearly, expressed in money and in physical units where ceilings apply.
• 85PreparationThe draft plan is published six months ahead with the proposals it accepted and refused.
• 86AdoptionThe Assembly adopts the plan, and neither chamber may adopt one that underfunds the guaranteed list.
• 87ContentThe plan states resources, allocations, investments, responsible organs, deadlines and a reserve.
• 88Ceilings in physical unitsPhysical ceilings for energy, water, timber, fish, listed minerals and emissions, published quarterly.
• 89Categories planned in moneyWhat is planned in money, and the standing duty to examine extending physical planning further.
• 90The Federal Planning OfficeThe Planning Office prepares and monitors the plan, publishes contested findings, and takes no instruction.
• 91RevisionThe plan is revised by law, and no revision may cut the guaranteed list.
• 92Publication of the accountsQuarterly accounts of the plan, an annual audit, and the naming of misapplied allocations.
• 93The public enterpriseA public enterprise is created by law, keeps its own accounts and is entered in a public register.
• 94Self-managementThe workers elect a council which runs the enterprise, meets in public and can be recalled.
• 95The directorThe council selects the director by competition, directs the director and may dismiss the director.
• 96Enterprises of federal importanceFor listed enterprises the ministry appoints from the council's ranking and must publish its reasons.
• 97AccountsQuarterly accounts in money and physical units, and no allocation until they are published.
• 98SupportSupport is published with amounts, terms and names, and a ceiling on it is left to a law not yet passed.
• 99Reorganisation and dissolutionAn enterprise that cannot meet its obligations is reorganised or dissolved after its council is heard.
• 100InvestmentInvestment comes from the plan, retained funds and credit, and stays within the physical ceilings.
• 101PricesSome prices are fixed by the plan and published with their costs, the rest form freely.
• 102Enterprises of foreign originA foreign enterprise operates only under a licence stating the technique transferred and the forum.
• 103The federal budgetThe budget is adopted before the year begins, holds every receipt, and defaults to monthly twelfths.
• 104Budgets of the statesState budgets fit within the federal allocations and are checked before adoption.
• 105TaxationTaxes only by law, progressive on income, and an exemption for a named person is void.
• 106CurrencyThe vela is issued by the Bank alone, and obligations in a foreign currency are void.
• 107The Bank of the RepublicThe Bank issues the currency, holds public accounts, and reports to the Assembly every quarter.
• 108Internal debtInternal borrowing needs a law, is published monthly, and external borrowing stays under Article 20.
• 109The Court of AccountsThe Court of Accounts audits every public body, publishes in full, and refers offences to prosecution.
• 110Public contractsPublic contracts follow a published procedure, and one concluded outside it is void.
• 111The external accountOne external account, published monthly, and no foreign bank account without published authorisation.
• 112Exchange within the BlocBloc exchange is settled in goods and knowledge, and no unit of settlement circulates at home.
• 113Exchange with other statesTrade outside the Bloc runs through licensed public enterprises, and no weapon is exported.
• 114Technique and knowledgeIncoming technique enters the knowledge commons, and no exclusive right over knowledge is accepted.
• 115SolidaritySolidarity is given without conditions and received on the same terms, with both published.

• 116The Federal AssemblyTwo chambers, seated at Talmeru, which legislate, adopt the plan and supervise the Government.
• 117The Popular ChamberOne hundred and fifty members, four years, proportional representation with no threshold.
• 118The Chamber of the StatesThirty members, six from each state, elected on the same day and bound by no instruction.
• 119Conduct of electionsAn elected Electoral Commission runs the poll, and party finance is capped, published and audited.
• 120TermFour-year terms, elections within sixty days, and extension only during an emergency or attack.
• 121Eligibility and incompatibilityWho may stand, which offices are incompatible, and the two-year bar on contracts after the mandate.
• 122The mandateA member votes according to their own judgment and cannot be recalled by a party.
• 123ImmunityNo liability for votes or opinions, and otherwise a member is prosecuted like any other person.
• 124Interests of membersMembers declare their assets and any interest in a vote, and non-declaration costs the seat.
• 125Loss of the mandateThe grounds on which a seat is lost and how it passes to the next candidate on the list.
• 126SessionsAn eleven-month ordinary session, extraordinary sittings on demand, and published rules of procedure.
• 127The presidency of a chamberEach chamber elects and may dismiss its President, who directs its proceedings.
• 128CommitteesCommittees sit in public, and the accounts and integrity committees are chaired from outside the Government.
• 129Committees of inquiryA quarter of either chamber can open an inquiry that summons persons and compels documents.
• 130Quorum and majoritiesA majority present, votes recorded by name and published, and a secret ballot only for elections.
• 131InitiativeWho may introduce a bill, and the statement of cost and effect that must accompany it.
• 132Ordinary procedureThree readings in the Popular Chamber, then thirty days in the Chamber of the States.
• 133Matters requiring both chambersThe matters on which both chambers must agree, including the plan, treaties and revision.
• 134ConciliationA conciliation committee of eight proposes a common text, and failure makes the bill lapse.
• 135Organic lawsWhich matters need an organic law, and the review of such a law before promulgation.
• 136Promulgation and publicationThe President promulgates within fifteen days, may return a law once, and silence passes the pen on.
• 137Review before promulgationReferral to the Constitutional Court before promulgation, decided in thirty days.
• 138Limits of delegationNo delegation over rights, the plan, taxation or the electoral system, and none beyond twelve months.
• 139The plan and the budgetThe plan and budget arrive by October, are examined in public, and cannot be cut below the guaranteed list.
• 140TreatiesTreaties are published thirty days before ratification, and a conflicting one waits for revision.
• 141Elections by the AssemblyThe offices the Assembly elects, the public hearings before the vote, and the fallback after three ballots.
• 142Questions and interpellationWritten questions answered in thirty days, weekly oral questions, and the President twice a year.
• 143Supervision of the administrationEither chamber can compel documents and attendance, and the oversight reports are debated in public.
• 144Initiative of the electorsAn electors' proposal reaches the agenda in thirty days and may go to referendum if it is rejected.
• 145Publicity of proceedingsSittings are public and transcribed, and a register records who lobbies whom and about what.

• 146The officeThe head of State, exercising the powers this Constitution confers and holding no party office.
• 147ElectionDirectly elected in two rounds, on the same rules of finance and publication as other elections.
• 148TermSix years, one term only, and no candidacy after two years in the office.
• 149Eligibility and incompatibilityThirty-five years of age, ten years resident, and no other office or paid activity.
• 150Entry into officeThe oath before both chambers, and the assets declaration verified within ninety days.
• 151The Federal GovernmentThe President appoints the Prime Minister and ministers, presides over the Government and signs its decisions.
• 152Foreign relationsThe President directs foreign relations, concludes treaties and reports to the Assembly twice a year.
• 153DefenceCommand of the armed forces, movement within the territory, and no action abroad outside Title X.
• 154Acts of the PresidentDecrees cite their legal basis, some need countersignature, and none has the force of law.
• 155Promulgation, referral and referendumPromulgation and referral, and a referendum only if both chambers approve the question.
• 156PardonPardons are reasoned and published, and none is granted for corruption or for torture.
• 157Publicity of the officeThe President's official diary, budget and staff appointments are published.
• 158Suspension and removal by referendumBoth chambers may suspend the President, and a referendum within thirty days decides removal.
• 159Removal for an offence of integrityA finding of corruption confirmed by the Constitutional Court removes the President without any vote.
• 160LiabilityNo liability for opinions expressed in office, and no deferral of prosecution for anything else.
• 161VacancyHow the office falls vacant, who acts in the interim, and what that person may not do.

• 162The Federal GovernmentThe Government administers the Republic and answers to the Popular Chamber, with ministries fixed by law.
• 163FormationThe programme is presented within fifteen days, and three refusals of confidence bring dissolution.
• 164The Prime MinisterThe Prime Minister directs the Government, proposes ministers with published reasons, and answers weekly.
• 165The ministersA minister runs one ministry, holds no other paid activity, and gives up any parliamentary seat.
• 166Sittings of the GovernmentThe Government meets weekly, records each vote, publishes within seven days, and excludes interested members.
• 167Acts of the GovernmentRegulations cite the law they execute, and one contrary to a law or the plan is void.
• 168CensureA motion of censure must name the successor, and carrying it appoints that person.
• 169Resignation and continuityWhen a Government resigns, and what a resigned Government may no longer do.
• 170Liability of members of the GovernmentMinisters are prosecuted like any other person, and an instruction called unlawful must be confirmed in writing.
• 171The public administrationThe administration gives reasons, answers within thirty days, and silence counts as a refusal.
• 172The civil serviceAppointment by open competition, dismissal only on defined grounds, and no clear-out on a change of Government.
• 173The states and the administrationFederal law is executed through federal or state services, with no instruction in an individual case.
• 174The OmbudsmanThe Ombudsman examines complaints free of charge and publishes both recommendation and reply.

• 175Principle and unitsLocal affairs are run by elected communes and districts, each with its own property and budget.
• 176CompetenceGeneral competence in local matters, and a task transferred without resources imposes no obligation.
• 177The commune council and the mayorThe commune council is elected proportionally and elects the mayor, who can be replaced by a named successor.
• 178The district councilThe district council is elected the same way, and the mayors of its communes are heard.
• 179Publicity and participationLocal sittings and papers are published, a tenth of residents can force a referendum, and residents vote on investment.
• 180Local finance and propertyLocal finance comes by published formula, cannot be withheld, and local property cannot be sold.
• 181SupervisionThe state supervises lawfulness alone, through the courts, and only a court may dissolve a council.
• 182Cooperation and boundariesUnits may act jointly, including with a unit across the frontier in another Bloc state.

• 183Judicial powerThe courts judge in the name of the people, take no instruction, and extraordinary courts are prohibited.
• 184Status of judgesJudges serve to retirement, are moved or removed only by the Judicial Council, and declare their assets.
• 185The Judicial CouncilFifteen members, nine of them judges elected by judges, sitting in public and publishing reasons.
• 186Appointment, promotion and disciplineAppointment and promotion by published competition, and discipline in public with the judge named.
• 187Organisation of the courtsState courts in first and second instance, with the Supreme Court above them on federal law.
• 188Access and conduct of proceedingsCases assigned by lot, judgments published, and each court publishing its delays and reversals.
• 189The prosecutionThe prosecution is independent, its head elected by two thirds, and discontinuance is reasoned and reviewable.
• 190The Anti-Corruption ProsecutionA separate corruption prosecution with its own budget, assignment by lot, and no immunity in its way.
• 191The Constitutional CourtNine judges from three sources, nine years, renewed by thirds, and removable only by the Court itself.
• 192Jurisdiction of the Constitutional CourtWhat the Court decides, who may bring a case, and when a provision found unconstitutional falls.
• 193Procedure of the Constitutional CourtThe Court sits in public, hears a person without a lawyer or fee, and binds every organ and every court.

• 194Common provisionsWhat the independent bodies have in common: their own budgets, no instructions, and full publication.
• 195The Public Integrity OfficeThe Office verifies declarations, removes office holders for conflicts, and states unexplained wealth.
• 196The Director of the OfficeThe Director is elected from candidates the Judicial Council presents, with a Bloc deputy during the settlement.
• 197The register of assetsA public register of assets, searchable without registration, kept for ten years after office.
• 198Procedure and safeguardsThe person is heard before a finding, may appeal to the Supreme Court, and the reporter stays anonymous.

• 199The armed forcesA standing professional force and the state militias, subordinate to the civil power.
• 200The territorial militiaEach state trains a militia, employed for defence and rescue and barred from acting against an assembly or a strike.
• 201LimitsNo alliance, no foreign base, no surveillance of the population, and no defence in a superior's order.
• 202Action beyond the frontierRescue and relief by majority law, and any other action abroad by two-thirds law and referendum.
• 203Public orderCivilian police, identifiable officers, recorded use of force, and independent investigation of complaints.
• 204State of emergencyThe President declares an emergency, both chambers confirm it in seven days, and core rights stand.
• 205Armed attackOn an armed attack the chambers meet within a day and review the measures every thirty days.

• 206Initiative and procedureRevision needs two thirds of each chamber and a referendum, checked by the Court for its limits.
• 207Limits of revisionThe republican and federal form, the Title II rights and social ownership are beyond revision.
• 208Publication of the revised textA revision is consolidated and published, and the wording it displaced is kept in the Annex.

• 209Purpose and durationWhy this Title exists, when it began, and how it ends when the obligations are discharged.
• 210The obligations of 2008 to 2016The 2008 to 2016 debts are scheduled and published, and unauthorised ones create no debt.
• 211The joint committeeThe joint committee supervises and publishes, and may not legislate, annul, remove or instruct a court.
• 212Supervision of budgets and borrowingState budgets are checked and public borrowing is authorised centrally while the settlement runs.
• 213Planning and integrity during the settlementThe federal plan prevails over state plans, and the Integrity Office reaches state and local office holders.
• 214Effect on the statesThe Title limits state competences temporarily, and they return on the day it is declared spent.

• 215Entry into force and repealEntry into force, what was repealed, and the eighteen months allowed for outstanding organic laws.
• 216Continuity of organs and of lawOrgans carry on the work of those they replaced, and earlier decisions stay valid.
• 217Transition from the institutions of 1961How the 1961 institutions gave way to the present ones, and what became of their archives.