Title IV · Social Ownership And Economic Coordination · Public Register of the Republic of Fluid

82

The forms and their relation

Productive property takes four social forms, and no fifth may be invented.

1.The means of production are held in the four forms established by Article 6(2), and organic law creates no fifth.
2.Each form carries a distinct mode of governance: the commons by the whole people through the organs of Chapter 2, cooperative usufruct by those who work in the enterprise, communal and regional enterprise by the inhabitants through their councils, and public establishments by their users, their workers and the Republic jointly.
3.A productive asset is assigned to one form. Assignment follows the scale of the activity, the number of persons affected, and the character of the need served, and is fixed by organic law and revisable by the procedure it establishes.
4.Conversion between forms follows a public procedure, requires the consent of those who work in the enterprise and of the affected users, and transfers no asset out of social ownership.

83

The commons

The commons cannot be sold or pledged, and the people who use them help govern them.

1.The common heritage of Article 9, the knowledge commons of Article 10, the infrastructure of communication under Article 54(1), the energy system under Article 32(1), the network of transport, water and sanitation systems, and the systems of public information and planning constitute the commons.
2.The commons are inalienable, unseizable and imprescriptible, and in no case are they pledged as security.
3.Use of a commons resource is granted as revocable usufruct, conditioned upon the purpose granted, upon compliance with the ecological budgets, and upon actual use.
4.Communities that have long used and maintained a commons resource govern its use, and organic law recognises their rules where these conform to Titles II and III.
5.Governance of a commons resource observes the boundaries of the resource, the participation of its users in the rules that bind them, graduated response to breach, accessible resolution of conflict, and the recognition of local rules by higher authority.

84

Cooperative usufruct

A cooperative holds its assets for as long as it works them, never as owner.

1.A cooperative holds the assets it operates in usufruct for the duration of the activity, and holds them by no title of ownership.
2.Usufruct confers the power to use, to organise, to maintain and to improve, and confers no power to sell, mortgage, lease for gain, or dispose of the asset.
3.In no case is usufruct heritable, and Article 74(5) governs.
4.Cessation of the activity, dissolution of the cooperative, or persistent breach of the ecological budgets returns the assets to the commune, the region or the branch federation from which they were granted.
5.The surplus of a cooperative belongs to the plan and is applied in the order fixed by Article 100(4).

85

Internal constitution of the cooperative

Every worker is a member with one vote, and officers are elected and recallable at any time.

1.Every person who works in a cooperative is a member of it after the probation fixed by organic law, which in no case exceeds six months. Categories of non-member worker are prohibited, and Article 88(2) governs.
2.The general assembly of members is the supreme organ. Each member holds one vote, and voting power attaching to seniority, function, capital or any other ground is void.
3.The assembly adopts the internal plan of the enterprise, its offer to the planning procedure, its working conditions and rotation of tasks, its admission of members, and its ecological account, and it elects and dismisses the management organ.
4.Officers of the cooperative are elected for limited terms, are recallable by the assembly at any time, remain subject to the working time of Article 72, and receive no provision distinguishable from that of any other member.
5.Users of the goods the cooperative produces, the council of the commune in which it operates, and a delegate of ecological interest sit in the assembly with the right to be heard and to place items on its agenda, on decisions affecting them.
6.Minutes, resource accounts, ecological accounts and the internal plan are public under Article 61(2).
7.Trade union organisation within the cooperative, including action against its own management organ, is protected under Article 56(3).

86

Communal and regional enterprise

Communes and regions may run enterprises, governed together with workers and users.

1.Communes and regions operate enterprises serving the needs of their inhabitants where the scale of the activity or the character of the need makes this appropriate.
2.Such enterprises are governed by a board composed of delegates of their workers, of the council of the commune or region, and of their users, in proportions fixed by organic law which accord the workers no less than one third.
3.The provisions of Article 85(4), (6) and (7) apply to them.

87

Public establishments

Health, education, care, research and the commons run as public establishments, never for gain.

1.Health, education, care, scientific research, civil protection, custody of nuclear waste, and the operation of the commons enumerated in Article 83(1) are conducted by public establishments.
2.Each establishment is governed by a council composed of delegates of its workers, of its users, and of the organ that constituted it, and its director is appointed by that council for a limited and renewable term and is recallable by it.
3.In no case does a public establishment operate for gain, charge for a service falling within Articles 62 and 107, or convert to any other form.

88

Personal craft and prohibited forms

You may work alone or with your household, and employing anyone outside it is prohibited.

1.A person may work alone or with the members of their household in craft, art, cultivation, repair, care and comparable activity, using tools held as personal property under Article 74(1), and this activity requires no authorisation.
2.Engaging the labour of a person outside the household in such activity is prohibited, and the activity is conducted through a cooperative once it extends beyond the household.
3.Enterprises operating for profit, partnerships in capital, shares, bonds, tradable claims on productive assets, lending at interest, insurance for gain, brokerage, letting of land, dwellings, tools or productive assets for gain, and the private appropriation of the product of another person's labour are prohibited.
4.A contract, arrangement or instrument that produces in substance an effect prohibited by paragraph 3 is void, and the party who procured it is liable under Article 43.
5.Foreign economic entities are governed by Article 21 and hold no form of social ownership.

89

Federations

Enterprises in a branch federate, sharing knowledge, reserves and representation.

1.Cooperatives and enterprises operating in the same branch of production constitute a branch federation, membership of which is compulsory.
2.Federations coordinate the branch, hold the technical knowledge and the reserve of the branch, conduct the support procedure of Article 103, organise the reorganisation of Article 104, distribute the branch allocation among their members, and represent the branch in the planning procedure.
3.Federations are governed by delegates of the member enterprises, elected by their assemblies, mandated, recallable, and serving limited terms.
4.A federation directs the internal affairs of a member enterprise only in the cases this Constitution and organic law provide.
5.Federations maintain a solidarity fund of resources, contributed by their members on a published scale, and applied under Articles 103 and 104.

90

Principles of the plan

The plan meets registered needs in physical units, decided by people and never by computation.

1.The plan satisfies registered and assessed needs within the ecological budgets of Title II, in physical units, in the order of priority fixed by Article 91(2).
2.The plan is made by negotiation among those affected by it, at the level at which the effects fall, through the procedure of Article 97.
3.Decisions of the plan are taken by assemblies and councils composed of persons. Computation assists them, and in no case does it decide, Article 51(5) and (6) applying to every planning system.
4.The plan, its inputs, its models, its assumptions, its variants and the reasons for the choice made among them are public in open and machine-readable form.
5.The plan is a set of quantities and obligations, and in no case does it authorise any organ to direct the labour of any person, Article 48 governing.

91

Priority within the plan

Essentials come first, then restoration, then upkeep, then everything else.

1.Allocation follows the ecological budgets, which are binding under Article 26, and in no case is a priority of this Article capable of displacing them.
2.Within the budgets, resources are allocated in the following order: the minimum core of essential provision under Articles 41 and 62; the restoration owed under Articles 20 and 23(1)(j); essential provision above the minimum core; the maintenance and renewal of existing productive capacity and infrastructure; general provision under Article 107; the reserve under Article 105; and thereafter the remaining purposes admitted by the plan.
3.Equality of provision between territories is a criterion of allocation at every rank of paragraph 2, and in no case does a commune or region receive provision inferior to the general standard.
4.Where an allocation is exhausted, Article 26(4) governs.

92

Workplace assemblies

Each workplace states publicly what it needs and what it can make.

1.The assembly of each enterprise states, for each planning period, the needs of the enterprise in materials, energy, labour, equipment and knowledge, the quantities and qualities it can produce, its ecological account under Article 25(1)(a), and the improvements it proposes.
2.The statement is public, is furnished truthfully under Article 81(3), and is the foundation of the offer of the enterprise in the procedure of Article 97.
3.Overstatement of need and understatement of capacity are offences under organic law, and Article 100(3) provides for their detection.

93

User and neighbourhood assemblies

Neighbourhoods and users hold assemblies whose statements count equally with the workplaces'.

1.Inhabitants of each neighbourhood, users of each service, and persons affected by each installation constitute assemblies open to every resident, meeting on a published calendar.
2.These assemblies examine the provision received, state the needs of the locality in addition to those registered under Article 63, and formulate objections to the offers of enterprises and to the drafts of the plan.
3.Their statements enter the planning procedure with the same standing as those of the workplace assemblies.
4.Assemblies of users of a service designate the delegates who sit under Articles 85(5), 86(2) and 87(2).

94

Communal economic councils

Each commune has an economic council answering to its elected council.

1.Each commune has an economic council composed of delegates of the workplace assemblies within it, delegates of the user and neighbourhood assemblies, delegates of the communal council of Title VII, and a delegate of ecological interest designated under organic law. The council answers to the communal council under Article 183.
2.The council reconciles the offers and the needs stated within the commune, allocates the resources apportioned to the commune, and formulates the communal component of the plan.
3.Delegates hold mandates from the bodies that elected them, are recallable at any time, serve limited terms, and report publicly on each round of negotiation.

95

Regional economic councils

Each region has an economic council reconciling what its sub-regions could not.

1.Each region has an economic council composed of delegates of the sub-regional economic councils, of the branch federations operating in the region, of the user assemblies of regional services, and of ecological interest. The council answers to the regional council under Article 183.
2.The council reconciles what the communal councils have failed to reconcile among themselves, allocates the resources apportioned to the region, and formulates the regional component of the plan.
3.Article 94(3) applies to its delegates.

96

The National Planning Congress and the Planning Secretariat

A National Planning Congress adopts the plan, and its Secretariat computes but decides nothing.

1.The National Planning Congress is composed of delegates of the regional economic councils, of the branch federations, of the assemblies of users of national services, and of ecological interest, in proportions fixed by organic law which accord the regional councils no less than one half.
2.The Congress adopts the plan of the Republic, apportions the ecological budgets among regions and branches under Article 26(3), fixes the reserve under Article 105, fixes the intensity threshold under Article 112(2), and resolves what the lower levels have failed to reconcile.
3.Delegates to the Congress are mandated, recallable, and limited in term, and they hold no seat in the Assembly of Title V and no office in the Executive Council of Title VI. The Congress answers to the regional economic councils, branch federations and user assemblies that constitute it, and to the Assembly under Article 143.
4.The Planning Secretariat is a technical body serving all levels of the procedure. It collects the statements, computes the balances of materials, energy, labour and emissions, prepares the variants, publishes the deficits and the surpluses, and holds no power of decision.
5.The Secretariat is bound by Article 90(3) and (4), publishes its methods and code as part of the knowledge commons, and answers to the Congress and to the oversight organs of Title IX.

97

The planning cycle

Planning runs a five-year cycle of statements, computation, at least three rounds of negotiation, and public accounts.

1.
The plan is adopted for a period of five years, with annual quantities within it, and follows a cycle of six stages:
1. a)registration of needs under Article 63, and the statements of the workplace, user and neighbourhood assemblies under Articles 92 and 93;
2. b)computation by the Secretariat of provisional balances, and publication of the deficits, the surpluses and the variants;
3. c)rounds of negotiation, in which each level reconciles the offers and needs before it, and refers upward only what it has failed to reconcile;
4. d)reconciliation and adoption under Article 98;
5. e)execution, with the in-year adjustment of Article 99;
6. f)public account of the period, examined by the assemblies that furnished its inputs.
2.Stage (c) comprises no fewer than three rounds, and a round concludes only after the objections received have been answered in writing and published.
3.A matter is decided at the lowest level at which the effects of the decision fall, and a higher level takes up a matter only upon referral under paragraph 1(c) or where the effects extend beyond one level.
4.Every stage is public. A plan adopted upon inputs withheld from publication is void.

98

Reconciliation and deadlock

Disagreements rise one level at a time, and delay never interrupts essential provision.

1.Reconciliation seeks agreement among the affected interests, and a level records agreement only where the enterprises, the users and the ecological delegate have each been heard and answered.
2.Where a level fails to reconcile within the time fixed for the round, the matter passes to the level above with the positions of the parties and the reasons for the disagreement.
3.Where the Congress fails to reconcile, it decides by vote of its delegates, publishes the dissenting positions, and states the reasons for the choice made among the variants.
4.A decision under paragraph 3 that does not conform with Article 91 is void, and any person may bring an action under Article 43.
5.In no case does delay in the procedure suspend the essential provision of Article 62, which continues on the quantities of the preceding period until the new plan takes effect.

99

Adjustment during the period

The plan is adjusted in-year for disaster, shortfall or changed need, with reasons published.

1.The plan is adjusted during its period upon changes in registered need, upon failure of harvest, supply or installation, upon disaster, and upon a declaration under Article 36.
2.Adjustment follows an abridged procedure fixed by organic law, preserves the order of Article 91, and is published with its reasons within fifteen days.
3.Cumulative adjustments exceeding the proportion fixed by organic law require a fresh round of negotiation under Article 97(1)(c).

100

Resource ceilings and accounts

Every enterprise holds a binding resource ceiling and keeps public accounts in physical units.

1.Each enterprise, establishment and commune receives a ceiling for each planning period, expressed in energy, materials, water, land, emissions and labour time.
2.The ceiling binds. Consumption beyond it halts the activity dependent upon the exhausted allocation, and Article 26(2) and (4) govern.
3.Each enterprise keeps physical accounts of what it receives, what it holds, what it produces, what it discards and what it emits, publishes them at intervals fixed by organic law, and submits them to audit by the Audit Office of Title IX and to verification by the Ecological Budget Authority.
4.A surplus of production above the plan is applied in the following order: to the unmet needs registered under Article 63, to the reserve of Article 105, and to the reduction of the ceiling of the following period where the surplus arose from an improvement in technique.
5.Concealment or falsification of the accounts is an offence, and Articles 35(3) and 61(3) apply.

101

Review of performance

Federations review each enterprise yearly in public, against needs met and ceilings kept.

1.The branch federation reviews each member enterprise at the close of each annual period against its ceiling, its plan, its ecological account, its conditions of labour and the satisfaction of the needs it undertook to meet.
2.The review is public, states its findings and its reasons, and is answered by the assembly of the enterprise, whose answer is published with it.
3.Persistent shortfall in the satisfaction of undertaken needs, persistent consumption beyond ceiling, or persistent breach of the ecological budgets opens the procedure of Article 102.
4.Deficiency arising from disaster, from ecological emergency, from failure of supply attributable to another enterprise, or from a defect in the plan itself is recorded as such and opens no procedure against the enterprise.

102

Support

A failing enterprise may be supported for at most three years, publicly, and is then reorganised.

1.An enterprise in difficulty may receive support from the solidarity fund of its federation, from the reserve of Article 105, or from both.
2.Support is granted only upon a public decision that states the grounds of the difficulty, the measures proposed, the quantities allocated, the results required and the date on which the support ends.
3.Support runs for two years at the most, and is renewed once and for one further year only, upon a fresh public decision founded on independent evaluation showing that the measures are taking effect.
4.In no case does total support to one enterprise exceed the proportion of the branch allocation fixed by organic law, and the support extended within a branch in any period is published in aggregate and by recipient.
5.During support the enterprise reports at quarterly intervals, remains bound by its ecological ceiling, which in no case does support raise, and admits the inspection of the federation and of the Audit Office.
6.The persons who decided the grant are identified in the decision, and they answer for it before the assemblies that elected them.
7.Expiry of support without attainment of the results required opens the procedure of Article 104 by operation of law, and further support to the same enterprise for the same grounds is prohibited within the following five years.
8.Support is granted for the maintenance of a productive capacity that the plan requires, and in no case is it granted to preserve an activity that the plan has ceased to require.
9.In no respect does support affect the provision guaranteed to the members of the enterprise under Article 62, and Article 62(2) governs throughout.

103

Cause of difficulty

Before support, the federation must say whether the fault lay with the plan or with the management.

1.Before granting support the federation determines whether the difficulty arises from the plan, from external circumstance, from technical obsolescence, or from the conduct of the management organ or of the assembly.
2.Where the difficulty arises from the plan, the matter is referred to the level that adopted it, which corrects the allocation under Article 99.
3.Where the difficulty arises from the conduct of the management organ, the assembly is convened to consider its dismissal under Article 85(3), and support is conditioned upon the measures the assembly adopts.

104

Reorganisation and dissolution

Reorganisation moves assets and people, and nobody loses provision, training or a place.

1.Reorganisation transfers the assets, the tasks and the members of an enterprise to another enterprise of the branch, to a communal or regional enterprise, or to a newly constituted cooperative.
2.Reorganisation is decided by the federation upon a public procedure in which the assembly of the enterprise, its users and the council of the commune are heard, and is reviewable under Article 43.
3.Dissolution follows only where reorganisation is impracticable, returns the assets under Article 84(4), and is decided by the same procedure.
4.Members of a reorganised or dissolved enterprise retain their provision in full, receive a place in another enterprise or establishment conforming to Article 70(6), receive training where the new task requires it, and suffer no reduction of any right of Title III.
5.In no case does reorganisation or dissolution interrupt the essential provision that the enterprise furnished, and continuity of that provision is secured before the measure takes effect.

105

Reserve, formation and experiment

The plan holds a reserve for disaster, for founding new cooperatives, and for experiment.

1.The plan holds a reserve of resources, fixed by the Congress at no less than the proportion set by organic law, applied to unanticipated need, to disaster, to support under Article 102, to the formation of new enterprises, and to experiment.
2.Any group of persons may found a cooperative by registration, and in no case is refusal of registration permitted on a discretionary ground.
3.A new cooperative applies to the branch federation and to the communal economic council for an initial allocation from the reserve, stating the need it proposes to meet and its ecological account. Refusal states reasons and is reviewable under Article 43.
4.The plan allocates resources to experiment in technique, in organisation of work and in forms of provision, admits the failure of an experiment as a cost of the plan, and imposes no consequence under Article 101 upon an enterprise for the failure of an authorised experiment.

106

Categories of provision

Provision comes in four grades: essential, general, minor discretionary, and shared heavy goods.

1.
Provision is organised in four categories:
1. a)essential provision under Article 62, free at the point of use and guaranteed as minimum core;
2. b)general provision under Article 107, free at the point of use;
3. c)minor discretionary goods, allocated through the residual unit of account under Article 111;
4. d)resource-intensive goods, held and used in common under Article 112.
2.Movement of a good from category (c) to category (b) as production permits is a standing objective of the plan.
3.Movement of a good from category (b) to category (c) requires a published demonstration of scarcity and is presumed unconstitutional under Article 41(4).
4.Categories (a) and (b) are furnished free of charge, and in no case is payment, credit, deposit, membership, contribution or proof of anything required for access to them.

107

General provision

General provision covers clothing, furniture, tools, bicycles, books, devices, transport and much more, free.

1.General provision comprises clothing and footwear beyond the minimum core, furniture and household equipment, cooking and laundry facilities, bedding, tools of craft and repair, bicycles and personal mobility equipment, personal computing and communication devices under Article 108, connection to the network at the capacity of Article 69(3), public transport, books and instruments, sporting and recreational equipment, materials of study and of art, goods of childhood and of care, meals in communal canteens, admission to cultural and sporting facilities, accommodation in communal holiday facilities, and medicines and appliances beyond the essential list.
2.Organic law maintains the catalogue of general provision, and the catalogue is extended by the plan as production permits.
3.General provision is furnished according to registered need under Article 63 and to the standards of quantity and quality fixed by the plan, and is allocated under Article 113 where it falls short of the need registered.
4.Libraries of tools, equipment, instruments and vehicles are maintained in every commune, and lending precedes personal allocation for goods used intermittently.

108

Personal computing and communication devices

Everyone who needs one gets a repairable phone and computer, with free parts for ten years.

1.Every person who needs one receives a personal computing device and a mobile communication device as general provision, together with connection to the network.
2.Devices are produced by cooperatives to a design admitting repair by the user, comprising modular construction, a battery replaceable without special tools, replaceable display, camera and connectors, standard fasteners, and published schematics, part numbers and service documentation.
3.Repair parts are furnished free of charge for the whole of the declared service life, which is ten years at the least for a computing or communication device, and repair workshops are maintained within reach of every commune.
4.Functional and security updates are furnished for the whole of the declared service life. Withdrawal of support before its expiry is prohibited, and expiry obliges the producer to publish the software and the interfaces necessary for the device to be maintained by its user or by any other person.
5.Repair, refurbishment and reuse precede replacement in the plan, and a device is replaced upon the demonstration that repair is impracticable.
6.Variants of a device exceeding the standard specification fall within Article 111, and the standard device remains available to every person under paragraph 1.
7.When a device is ordered from a cooperative, the person ordering it is offered, by separate options none of which is marked in advance, the preinstallation of the electronic ballot application of Article 245, the preinstallation of one or more repositories of free software, and the choice among the operating systems and suites available under Article 109(3). In no case does declining an option affect the allocation, the delivery, the specification or the service life of the device.

109

Freedom of software

Device software is free and open, the user holds full control, and locked devices are prohibited.

1.Software furnished with a device belongs to the knowledge commons under Article 10, and its source code, build procedure and documentation are public.
2.The operating system and the software suite furnished with a device are developed and maintained by communities, associations or cooperatives independent of the executive committees. In no case are they owned, controlled, directed or determined by public authority. The Republic maintains no operating system of its own and prescribes none.
3.The person receiving a device chooses among the available systems and suites, may replace any of them, holds the administrative control of the device, and installs software of their own choosing.
4.In no case is a device permitted that carries software the user cannot examine, modify, replace or remove; that transmits data without the knowledge and consent of the user; that can be disabled, degraded or restricted remotely; that conditions its operation upon a connection to a particular service; or that confines the installation of software to a single source.
5.Public authorities, planning bodies, enterprises and public establishments conduct their work on free and open software whose source is public, and in no case does a public organ acquire software under an exclusive licence.
6.File formats, protocols and interfaces used in public administration, in the planning system and in essential and general provision are open, documented and implementable by any person.
7.Devices produced within the Republic permit the installation of software obtained from any source, by the user, without authorisation, without an account, and without connection to any service. In no case may a device, an operating system or a component of either prevent such installation, condition it, obstruct it by an additional procedure, or discourage it by a warning framed to deter the user.

110

Durability and the standard of design

Goods must meet minimum service lives, guaranteed parts, and a route back into use.

1.Article 33 governs the design, the service life, the record and the recovery of every good furnished in provision.
2.The plan fixes for each class of good a minimum service life, a guarantee of the availability of parts, and a route of recovery, and in no case does it admit a design failing any of these.
3.Variety of models is limited to what serves distinct needs, and multiplication of models that obstructs the supply of parts and the practice of repair is prohibited.

111

The residual unit of account

A personal, equal, expiring token allocates small luxuries, and it cannot be saved, lent or traded.

1.The residual unit of account established by Article 7(5) allocates minor discretionary goods, comprising goods outside categories (a) and (b) of Article 106 whose production falls below the intensity threshold of Article 112(2).
2.The unit is issued equally to every resident at the beginning of each period, expires at its close, and is personal, non-transferable, non-assignable, non-pledgeable and non-accumulable. A purported transfer is void and extinguishes the unit transferred.
3.The unit measures a claim upon a defined quantity of goods within paragraph 1, bears no interest, and in no case is it exchanged for labour or held as a store of value.
4.Issue of the unit is uniform. Issue varying by contribution, by conduct, by function, by office or by any ground listed in Article 38(2) is void.
5.The quantities of goods obtainable by the unit are published, are fixed by the plan in physical terms, and are revised only at the opening of a period.
6.Organic law may abolish the unit for any class of goods upon their movement into general provision, and abolition of the unit entire is an objective of the plan.

112

Resource-intensive goods and common use

Resource-heavy goods are held in common and booked, never allocated to one person.

1.Goods whose production or use exceeds the intensity threshold are produced only where a common use justifies them, are held by the commune, the region, the federation or a public establishment, and are used by booking, by rotation or by lot on published rules.
2.The intensity threshold is fixed by the National Planning Congress on the advice of the Ecological Budget Authority, is expressed in energy, materials, land and emissions per unit of use, and is published.
3.Personal allocation of a good above the threshold is excluded, and in no case does the residual unit obtain such a good.
4.Where the ecological budgets admit the production of a good in no quantity, it is produced in none, and the refusal is published with its reasons and is reviewable under Article 27.
5.Accommodation, workshops, vehicles, boats, heavy tools, instruments and comparable goods held for common use are distributed equitably among communes, and in no case does a commune hold a share inferior to the general standard.

113

Fair allocation and waiting

When supply falls short, allocation follows urgency, waiting time and lot, never favour.

1.Where provision falls short of the need registered, allocation follows published rules applying the urgency of the need, the duration of the wait, and the drawing of lots.
2.Waiting lists are public in anonymised form, state the position of each applicant to that applicant, and are open to challenge under Article 43.
3.Preference by office, by function, by contribution, by acquaintance or by any ground listed in Article 38(2) is void, and the person who granted it is liable under Article 43(4).
4.Article 51(7) prohibits the scoring, ranking and profiling of persons in allocation, and the rules of paragraph 1 are applied by identified persons under Article 51(5).

114

Prohibition of parallel markets

Reselling what you were given, hoarding for exchange, or trading queue places is prohibited.

1.Sale, resale, letting, pledging or exchange for consideration of goods received in provision is prohibited, and the transaction is void.
2.Gifts between persons are lawful. Arrangements of reciprocal transfer that constitute in substance a market in provision are void.
3.Accumulation of goods beyond personal and household use for the purpose of exchange is prohibited.
4.Trading in places in a queue, in appointments, in allocations and in access to any provision is an offence.
5.In no case does foreign currency circulate as a means of payment within the territory, and Article 118 governs external exchange.

115

Allocation of labour

Labour reaches tasks by choice, and unpopular work gets shorter hours, with no compulsion available.

1.Labour reaches the plan through the choices registered by persons under Article 70(6), and compulsion is excluded by Article 48 and Article 70(4).
2.Enterprises, establishments and communes publish the tasks they require, the conditions attaching to them, the training furnished and the working time they carry, and any person may offer their contribution to any of them.
3.Where a task attracts fewer contributors than the plan requires, the working time attaching to it is reduced below the ceiling of Article 72(1), its conditions are improved, the training for it is expanded, and the deficit is published under Article 70(7). In every case compulsion is excluded.
4.Where a task attracts more contributors than the plan requires, places are allocated on rules published in advance under Article 113(1), and those not placed are offered training and transfer.
5.In no respect does reduction of working time under paragraph 3 diminish the provision of the contributor.

116

Arduous tasks, rotation and training

Dangerous and degrading tasks are registered publicly, rotated, and engineered away.

1.Tasks that are dangerous, unhealthy, monotonous or degrading are registered publicly, and their elimination by technique, by redesign or by automation is a standing objective of the plan, which reports annually on the reduction achieved.
2.While such tasks persist, they are distributed by rotation accepted voluntarily, have reduced working time and additional rest under Article 72(4), and are concentrated upon no group defined by a ground listed in Article 38(2).
3.Every person may obtain the training required for the contribution they choose, at public cost and without limit of age, and Article 67(3) governs.
4.Enterprises furnish training in the tasks they require, and the time spent in training is contribution under Article 70(2).
5.Automation displacing a task confers upon the persons who performed it the right to training, to transfer conforming with Article 70(6), and to the retention of their provision in full, and Article 22(3) governs the application of the gain.

117

Planned external exchange

Foreign trade runs through one account, counts against the budgets, and creates no debt.

1.Exchange with entities outside the Republic is conducted by the planning bodies through a single external account, and is directed to obtaining goods and knowledge that the territory cannot furnish within its ecological budgets.
2.Materials and energy embodied in imports are counted against the budgets under Article 23(2), and imports are refused where they would exceed them.
3.Imports produced under conditions violating Article 48, or under ecological conditions that would be unlawful within the Republic, are prohibited, and the burden of demonstrating conformity lies upon the supplier under Article 21(4).
4.Exports are permitted where essential and general provision remain unimpaired and the ecological budgets are observed.
5.Borrowing abroad, the contracting of external debt, the pledging of the common heritage or of any productive asset as security, and submission to external financial conditionality are prohibited.

118

Solidarity transfers

Solidarity is sent in goods and knowledge, never as a loan and never with conditions.

1.Transfers of solidarity under Title XI are made in goods, in labour, in technique and in knowledge, are recorded in physical units, and are counted within the plan and the ecological budgets.
2.A transfer creates no claim, no debt and no obligation upon the receiving people, and carries no condition touching their internal affairs.
3.Transfers of knowledge are made through the knowledge commons under Article 10, without exclusive right and without restriction upon use.

Social Ownership And Economic Coordination

Chapter 1 · Forms of Social Ownership

Chapter 2 · Organs and Procedure of Planning

Chapter 3 · Allocation, Accounts and Enterprise Discipline

Chapter 4 · Provision and Distribution

Chapter 5 · Labour in the Plan

Chapter 6 · External Economic Relations