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Rights of natural entities
Nature holds rights to exist, to function and to be restored, whether or not a statute names it.
Register › Official summary › Title II
Ecological Order
Articles 18 to 36 · 19 articles · 3 chapters · read the full text
Chapter 1 · Rights of Nature
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Standing
Anyone at all may sue on nature's behalf, with no fee and no need to show personal harm.
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Guardianship and remedies
Whoever harms nature must restore it from their own resources, and can be held personally liable.
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Foreign economic entities
Foreign firms operate only on a revocable licence, under stricter duties, and hold no rights from Title III.
Chapter 2 · The Ecological Budgets
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Steady state
Total energy and material use is capped at a safe level, and efficiency gains buy sufficiency and reduce throughput.
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Content of the budgets
The budgets set ceilings for energy, materials, emissions, water, land, nutrients, toxins and harvests.
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The Ecological Budget Authority
An independent scientific Authority sets the budgets, publishes everything, and cannot be defunded mid-term.
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Procedure
Budgets are built from workplace reports, assembly objections, local studies and local knowledge.
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Binding force
The budgets bind the plan, anything exceeding them is void, and essentials keep priority.
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Judicial enforcement
A chamber of the Constitutional Court enforces the budgets and can order restoration.
Chapter 3 · Substantive Regimes
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Water
Water is common, managed by watershed, and a dwelling can never be cut off.
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Land, soil and food
Land is held in trust and allocated for use, and hoarding it or ruining the soil is prohibited.
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Forests, wetlands, coasts and sea
Old forests, peat, wetlands, dunes, reefs and seagrass cannot be converted, and seabed mining is banned.
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Biodiversity and animals
Species and habitats are protected, and animals kept for food live close to natural conditions.
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Energy
The energy system is socially owned, fossil extraction is banned, and nuclear is transitional only.
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Materials, durability and circulation
Goods must last, be repairable by their user, and return their materials to use.
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Pollution, toxic substances and remediation
Pollution needs a permit within the ceilings, and dumping burdens on poor areas is prohibited.
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Ecological information
Ecological data is measured continuously and published, and falsifying it is a crime.
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Ecological emergency
The Authority may declare an ecological emergency, which lapses unless the Assembly confirms it.